Manual 1 -10
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1. What is DevOps?
Answer: DevOps is a set of practices that combines software development (Dev) and IT operations (Ops). It aims to shorten the development lifecycle, increase deployment frequency, and improve the quality of software by fostering a culture of collaboration and automation.
2. What are the key principles of DevOps?
Answer: The key principles include:
- Collaboration: Breaking down silos between teams.
- Automation: Automating repetitive tasks to enhance efficiency.
- Continuous Integration/Continuous Deployment (CI/CD): Automating testing and deployment processes.
- Infrastructure as Code (IaC): Managing infrastructure through code.
- Monitoring and Feedback: Continuously monitoring applications and gathering feedback for improvements.
3. What is Continuous Integration (CI)?
Answer: Continuous Integration is the practice of merging code changes into a shared repository frequently, followed by automated builds and tests. This helps detect issues early in the development process.
4. What is Continuous Deployment (CD)?
Answer: Continuous Deployment is an extension of Continuous Integration that automatically deploys every change that passes automated tests to production. This allows for faster delivery of features and fixes.
5. Explain Infrastructure as Code (IaC).
Answer: Infrastructure as Code is the practice of managing and provisioning computing infrastructure through machine-readable definition files, rather than physical hardware configuration or interactive configuration tools. This enables version control, consistency, and automation.
6. What is a CI/CD pipeline?
Answer: A CI/CD pipeline is an automated workflow that allows developers to build, test, and deploy code changes seamlessly. It typically includes stages such as code commit, build, test, and deployment.
7. How do you ensure security in a DevOps environment (DevSecOps)?
Answer: DevSecOps integrates security practices into the DevOps process. This includes:
- Automating security testing in CI/CD pipelines.
- Conducting regular security assessments and code reviews.
- Implementing access controls and monitoring for vulnerabilities.
8. What are containers, and why are they useful?
Answer: Containers are lightweight, portable units that package applications and their dependencies together. They ensure consistency across environments, enable faster deployments, and make scaling applications easier.
9. What is Kubernetes?
Answer: Kubernetes is an open-source container orchestration platform that automates the deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications. It helps in managing clusters of containers effectively.
10. What is the role of monitoring in DevOps?
Answer: Monitoring is crucial in DevOps as it provides insights into application performance and system health. It helps teams identify issues proactively, improve reliability, and enhance user experience by analyzing logs, metrics, and user feedback.
11. What is Chaos Engineering?
Answer: Chaos Engineering is the practice of intentionally injecting failures into a system to test its resilience. It helps teams understand how applications behave under stress and identify weaknesses to improve fault tolerance.
12. What are some popular tools used in DevOps?
Answer: Common DevOps tools include:
- CI/CD: Jenkins, GitLab CI, CircleCI
- Configuration Management: Ansible, Chef, Puppet
- Containerization: Docker
- Orchestration: Kubernetes, OpenShift
- Monitoring: Prometheus, Grafana, ELK Stack
13. How do you handle configuration management?
Answer: Configuration management is handled using tools like Ansible or Puppet, which automate the setup and maintenance of systems. These tools use scripts to ensure that systems are configured consistently and can be easily updated or replicated.
14. What is GitOps?
Answer: GitOps is a practice where Git is used as the single source of truth for managing infrastructure and application deployments. Changes are made through Git pull requests, allowing for version control and auditability.
15. Can you explain microservices architecture?
Answer: Microservices architecture is an architectural style that structures an application as a collection of loosely coupled services. Each service is responsible for a specific function and can be developed, deployed, and scaled independently, enhancing flexibility and resilience.
